Table 1: Subject characteristics
|
Control |
CRS |
|
|
|
|
|
CRSsNP |
CRSwNP |
p1
|
p2
|
|
N=60 |
% |
N=55 |
% |
N=18 |
% |
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Female |
43 |
72 |
38 |
69 |
6 |
33 |
.20 |
.012 |
Male |
17 |
28 |
17 |
31 |
12 |
67 |
|
|
Age, median (Q1-Q3) |
33 |
(25-41) |
37 |
(30-46) |
54 |
(42-62) |
<.001 |
<.001 |
AR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
16 |
27 |
26 |
47 |
7 |
40 |
|
|
yes |
44 |
73 |
29 |
53 |
11 |
61 |
.031 |
.59 |
Asthma |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
57 |
95 |
49 |
89 |
8 |
44 |
|
|
yes |
3 |
5 |
6 |
11 |
10 |
56 |
.006 |
<.001 |
AERD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
58 |
97 |
41 |
95 |
13 |
77 |
|
|
yes |
2 |
3 |
2 |
5 |
4 |
24 |
.27 |
.048 |
Smoking |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
never |
51 |
85 |
28 |
51 |
10 |
59 |
|
|
ex |
9 |
15 |
9 |
16 |
4 |
24 |
|
|
current |
0 |
0 |
18 |
33 |
3 |
18 |
<.001 |
.49 |
Previous operation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
59 |
98 |
45 |
82 |
13 |
72 |
|
|
yes |
1 |
2 |
10 |
18 |
5 |
28 |
.001 |
.50 |
Medication |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no intranasal corticosteroid |
37 |
62 |
15 |
27 |
4 |
22 |
<.001 |
.77 |
intranasal corticosteroids |
23 |
38 |
40 |
73 |
14 |
78 |
|
|
Medication of exacerbation(s) /y |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
≥ 1 peroral
corticosteroid course |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
59 |
100 |
48 |
87 |
15 |
83 |
|
|
yes |
0 |
0 |
7 |
13 |
3 |
17 |
.002 |
.70 |
≥ 4 antibiotic
courses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
39 |
100 |
40 |
73 |
15 |
83 |
|
|
yes |
0 |
0 |
15 |
27 |
3 |
17 |
<.001 |
.53 |
Reported worst symptom(s) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Obstruction, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
46 |
87 |
30 |
57 |
10 |
56 |
|
|
yes |
7 |
13 |
23 |
43 |
8 |
44 |
<.001 |
1.0 |
Postnasal drip, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
50 |
94 |
37 |
70 |
15 |
83 |
|
|
yes |
3 |
6 |
16 |
30 |
3 |
17 |
.002 |
.36 |
Discharge, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
50 |
94 |
48 |
91 |
16 |
89 |
|
|
yes |
3 |
6 |
5 |
9 |
2 |
11 |
.51 |
1.0 |
Pain/pressure, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
53 |
100 |
34 |
64 |
15 |
83 |
|
|
yes |
0 |
0 |
19 |
36 |
3 |
17 |
<.001 |
.15 |
Loss of sense of smell, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
52 |
98 |
53 |
100 |
16 |
89 |
|
|
yes |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
11 |
1.0 |
.062 |
Dyspnoea, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
53 |
100 |
52 |
98 |
16 |
89 |
|
|
yes |
0 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
11 |
.26 |
.16 |
Family history of NP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
42 |
75 |
18 |
43 |
9 |
53 |
|
|
yes |
7 |
13 |
6 |
14 |
1 |
6 |
|
|
don´t know |
7 |
13 |
18 |
42 |
7 |
41 |
.001 |
.72 |
Family history of AR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
23 |
40 |
28 |
65 |
8 |
47 |
|
|
yes |
29 |
50 |
12 |
28 |
5 |
29 |
|
|
don´t know |
6 |
10 |
3 |
7 |
4 |
24 |
.05 |
.20 |
Family history of asthma |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
32 |
56 |
24 |
57 |
7 |
41 |
|
|
yes |
21 |
37 |
16 |
38 |
6 |
35 |
1.0 |
.11 |
don´t know |
5 |
9 |
2 |
5 |
4 |
24 |
|
|
Other diseases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
48 |
84 |
31 |
57 |
9 |
53 |
|
|
yes |
9 |
16 |
23 |
43 |
8 |
47 |
.001 |
.79 |
Self-reported NP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
58 |
97 |
45 |
82 |
6 |
33 |
|
|
yes |
0 |
0 |
10 |
18 |
12 |
67 |
.002 |
<.001 |
don´t know |
2 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Endoscopic signs of NP3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
no |
60 |
100 |
55 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
yes |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
100 |
<.001 |
<.001 |
Radiologic NP score4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0-7 |
- |
- |
45 |
82 |
1 |
6 |
- |
<.001 |
8-16 |
- |
- |
10 |
18 |
17 |
94 |
|
|
Total LM score of CT scans, median (Q1-Q3) |
- |
- |
4.0 |
(2-10) |
12 |
(9-14.25) |
- |
<.001 |
p1=CRS patients vs. controls. p2= CRSsNP vs. CRSwNP. CRS= chronic rhinosinusitis; AR= allergic rhinitis; AERD= aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease; NP=nasal polyps; CT scan signs of NP was based on the presence of mucosal NP-suggestive changes of inferior and/or middle turbinate(s), with score 0=no, 1=yes. Total score 0=No NP, total score 1-4 = NP; LM=Lund-Mackay score of sinus Computed Tomography (CT) scans.Q1, Q3: 25% and 75% percentiles respectively. 3Deviation from protocol: NP diagnosed by anterior rhinoscopy from n=20 controls by an Otorhinolaryngologist. 4Sum of maxillary/ethmoid sinus mucosal findings (scored as 0=no change, 1=mucosal thickening, 2= polypous mucosal thickening ±discharge) and detectability of turbinate structures (scored as 0=detected; 1= not detectable). P values by Fisher´s exact test (dichotomous variables) or Mann Whitney U test (continuous variables).