Therapeutic Class | Therapeutic Agent | Description | Current Status | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Interleukin Antagonist |
Anakinra | Interleukin-I (IL-I) receptor antagonist with an intent to end cytokine invasion | Under clinical trial (NCT04330638) | [23] |
Antibody | Baricitinib | Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor, recommended through an artificial intelligence approach | Clinical data not available | [24] |
Antibody | Bevacizumab | A recombinant humanized antibody which prevents the association of vascular endothelial growth factor with its receptors which is official in the USA against multiple cancers | Under evaluation in a clinical trial in China against COVID-19 (NCT04275414) | [25] |
Antibiotic | Brilacidin | A defensive peptidomimetic under development by Innovation Pharmaceuticals | Under evaluation against SARS-CoV-2 | [26] |
Anti-Malarial | Chloroquine | Elevates endosomal pH and interferes with ACE2 glycosylation | Under evaluation in a clinical trial (NCT04344951) against COVID-19 | [27] |
Antiviral | Darunavir | HIV-protease inhibitor | Under evaluation in a clinical trial (NCT04252274), still, no clinical human data is reported in support of its use against COVID-19 | [28] |
Antibody | Eculizumab | Humanized monoclonal IgG antibody, responsible for the prevention of formation of membrane attack complex by binding to complement protein C5 | Under evaluation in a clinical trial (NCT04288713) for COVID-19 | [29] |
Antiviral | Favipiravir | RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor with wide anti-viral activity | Under evaluation in a clinical trial (NCT04273763) against COVID-19 | [30] |
Antiviral | Galidesivir | Nucleoside RNA polymerase inhibitor against Ebola virus | Currently under evaluation by Biocryst Pharma | [31] |
Antiviral | Griffithsin | An algae derivative as a potent HIV entry inhibitor | Reported active against SARS-CoV-1 and under evaluation against SARS-CoV-2 | [32] |
Antiviral | Lopinavir | Viral proteases inhibitor (3CLpro or PLpro) | The repurposed drug, currently under clinical trials (NCT04307693) | [33] |
Antiviral | Nelfinavir | HIV-1 protease inhibitor | Homology modelling in silico activity is reported but no clinical data available | [34] |
Antihelmintic | Niclosamide | Kills tapeworms | Have in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-1, under investigation against SARS-CoV-2 | [35] |
Antiviral | Remdesivir | RdRp inhibitor and blocks viral replication | Under evaluation against SARS-CoV-2 in clinical trials(NCT04302766,NCT04292899, NCT04292730, NCT04280705) | [36-38] |
Antiviral | Sofosbuvir | Antiviral against Hepatitis C | Reported in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-1, under investigation against SARS-CoV-2 | [39] |
Anti-oxidant | Vitamin C | Anti-oxidant | A clinical trial is going on in China for COVID-19 (NCT04264533) | [40] |
Antiviral | Umifenovir | Antiviral against Influenza | Evaluated in Chinese clinical trials (200mg orally thrice a day for no more than 10 days) for COVID-19 revealed potent in vitro activity | [41] |
Herb | XueBijing | Chinese herbal extract | Administration of this extract has remarkably reduced the mortality rate due to COVID-19 in China, administered as 100ml intra venous infusion twice a day | [42] |
Interleukin Antagonist | Tocilizumab | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor inhibitor humanized monoclonal antibody which can restore T Cell counts | Under evaluation in a clinical trial (NCT04317092) against COVID-19 | [43, 44] |